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- $Unique_ID{BRK03917}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Laron Dwarfism}
- $Subject{Laron Dwarfism Pituitary Dwarfism II Laron Type Pituitary Dwarfism
- LTD Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency Growth Hormone Receptor GHR Growth
- Hormone Binding Protein GHBP Coffin-Siris Syndrome Cockayne Syndrome }
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- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990, 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 821:
- Laron Dwarfism
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Laron Dwarfism) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Pituitary Dwarfism II
- Laron Type Pituitary Dwarfism
- LTD
- Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency
- Growth Hormone Receptor
- GHR
- Growth Hormone Binding Protein
- GHBP
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Coffin-Siris Syndrome
- Cockayne Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Laron Dwarfism is a rare genetic disorder that results from the body's
- inability to use the growth hormone that it produces. People with this
- disorder produce normal levels of growth hormone but the levels in their
- plasma may be high because the body does not use the hormone properly. The
- Laron form of dwarfism is characterized by very small stature, peculiar
- facial features, and high levels of growth hormone in plasma.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Laron Dwarfism is characterized by proportionate severe short stature which
- is evident at birth or soon after. Along with growth retardation there are
- delays in tooth eruption. There is also disproportion between the growth of
- the head and jaw, a saddle nose and deep set eyes. Sexual development is
- slow but it does occur. The usual age of sexual maturation in boys with
- Laron Dwarfism is about 22 years of age. In females with the disorder sexual
- maturation usually takes place between 16 to 19 years of age. Hands and feet
- are smaller than normal. Obesity and a high-pitched voice may also be
- present.
-
- There are always high levels of growth hormone in the plasma of people
- with Laron Dwarfism. A high percentage of patients have extremely low blood
- sugar levels (Hypoglycemia) which can have very serious consequences if not
- treated quickly by a doctor.
-
- Causes
-
- Laron Dwarfism is inherited as an autosomal recessive genetic disorder.
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
- interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
- mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person
- inherits the same defective gene for the same trait from each parent. If one
- receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a
- carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent, and will be genetically normal.
-
- The gene for Laron Dwarfism is thought by scientists to be located on
- chromosome 5p 13.1-p12. The defect in this gene causes growth hormone
- receptor defects which are not yet clearly understood. If growth hormone
- receptors are abnormal, the body cannot use the hormone to grow. The
- disorder may differ from family to family.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Laron Dwarfism affects six females to every two males. The disorder was
- first recognized in persons of Middle Eastern Jewish ancestry and in
- Mediterranean populations. However, Laron Dwarfism may occur in any ethnic
- group. The disorder is usually evident at birth or shortly after.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Laron
- Dwarfism. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Coffin-Siris Syndrome is a disorder of unknown cause. It is present at
- birth and affects both sexes. It is chiefly characterized by feeding
- problems, frequent respiratory infections, and growth deficiencies. (For
- more information on this disorder, choose "Coffin-Siris" as your search term
- in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Cockayne Syndrome is a progressive disorder which manifests itself during
- the second year of life. It is characterized by a hypersensitivity to
- sunlight and growth retardation. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Cockayne" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- There are many disorders that can cause dwarfism. For more information
- on those disorders choose "Dwarf" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database or contact the Human Growth Foundation or the Short Stature
- Foundation noted in the resources section of this report.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Laron Dwarfism with human growth hormone (HGH) is not effective
- because the body cannot utilize the hormone to grow. If the patient has low
- blood sugar (Hypoglycemia) this condition must be treated to prevent further
- complications. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The insulin-like growth factor 1, Somazom (somatomedin C), manuactured by
- Fujisawa Pharmaceutical's, is being studied as a treatment for Laron-type
- dwarfism. Early results are promising but further studies are necessary to
- determine the long-term safety and effectiveness of this type of treatment.
-
- Scientists continue their investigations into the causes and treatment of
- short stature and dwarfism.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- July 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Laron Dwarfism, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The Magic Foundation
- 1327 N. Harlem Ave.
- Oak Park, IL 60302
- (708) 383-0808
-
- Human Growth Foundation
- 7777 Leesburg Pike
- P.O.Box 3090
- Falls Church, VA 22043
- 703-883-1773
- 800-451-6434
-
- Short Stature Foundation
- 17200 Jamboree Rd., Suite J
- Irvine, CA 92714-5828
- (714) 474-4554
- 800-24 DWARF
-
- Little People of America
- P.O. Box 633
- San Bruno, CA 94066
- (415) 589-0695
-
- NIH/The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For Genetic Information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 9th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1990. Pp. 1426-1427.
-
- LARON DWARFISM AND MUTATIONS OF THE GROWTH HORMONE-RECEPTON GENE, Serge
- Amelm, et al.; N Eng J Med. (October 12, 1989, issue 321 (15)). Pp. 1426-
- 1427.
-
- RECEPTOR-ACTIVE GROWTH HORMONE IN LARON DWARFISM. L.S. Jacobs, J Clin
- Endocrinol Metab, (February, 1976, issue 42 (2)). Pp. 403-406.
-
- CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR GENE AND
- DEMONSTRATION OF A PARTIAL GENE DELETION IN TWO PATIENTS WITH LARON-TYPE
- DWARFISM. P.J. Godowski, et al.; Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, (October, 1989,
- issue 86 (20)). Pp. 8083-8087.
-
- PUBERTY IN LARON TYPE DWARFISM. Z. Laron, et al.; Eur J Pediatr, (June,
- 1980, issue 134 (1)). Pp. 79-83.
-
-